Production for sale of pig iron in 201112 prov, was 5. Received 1 october 2011 received in revised form 26 january 2012 accepted 7 march 2012. Xix automation and control in iron and steel industries jurgen heidepriem encyclopedia of life support systems eolss production control scheduling and setup in the metallurgical parts of an iron and steelworks is mainly done in a feedforward manner by engineers and technicians. A shine of rainbows production notes logline a loving mother, a reluctant father, and the extraordinary journey that brings a young orphan home. Those are the words uttered about ash williams, who after three decades of avoiding responsibility, maturity and the terrors of the evil dead. India is one of the countries where use of sponge iron contributes a large share in annual crude steel production. India is the largest producer of sponge iron in the world with the coal based route accounting for 76% of total sponge iron production in the country 20. Introduction to iron and steel a few definitions and general descriptions are in order. The mine production estimates for china are estimated from the national bureau of statistics chinas crude ore statistics, rather than usable ore as reported for the other countries. Production of sponge iron powder by reduction of rolling.
Mrai, material recycling association of india, metal. The production of sponge iron direct reduced iron dri during the period 199192 to 200203 was as under. The indian sponge iron industry some issues in conservation. What are the base line data that an audit team should collect while conducting. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Nucor louisiana dri production has been constrained by plantequipment issues captive supply to own minimills iranian exports are growing. According to the present state of the art, low table 1. Just as pig iron can be produced from iron ore in the electric furnace, so can pig steel be produced by a close regulation of the carbon content of the charge. Production of ni catalysts from takovite, in which the nickel is uni formly present within a chemical compound, com pletely prevents the presence of larger supported ni particles. Used by companies hat manufacture identical units through a series of uniform production steps or processes. Recent development of ductile cast iron production technology. The market for raw materials for the iron and steel production is expected to grow, as steel production grows. Iron ore of size 5 mm to 20 mm is being used for the production of sponge iron. One of the major challenges for sponge iron plant is the accretion formation.
It has topped in total number of cites and citable documents. Pdf on apr 1, 2010, swaren bedarkar and others published production of sponge iron through tunnel kiln process find, read and cite all. Sponge iron production flow chart raw material feeding to. Sponge iron production in rotary kiln kindle edition by sarangi, a. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a process which is mostly carried out in a blast furnace. Its use is limited to applications that necessitate a very hard and wearresistant surface, without a high degree of ductilityfor example, as rollers in rolling mills. Raw material mix iron ore, dolomite and coal are fed to one end of. Production of direct reduced iron in rotary hearth furnace. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading sponge iron production in rotary kiln. This book comprehensively deals with the production of sponge iron in the rotary kiln. India where the product is know as sponge iron about 20% of global production as a highly reduced form of iron, dri is very reactive and requires special measures for safe transportation and handling.
White cast iron when pig iron converts to cast iron, if cooling is done rapidly then pig iron is changed in to white cast iron it is hard and brittle. List of countries by iron ore production wikipedia. Directly reduced iron looks like sponge in texture due to pores and hence is called sponge iron. The reduction of rolling mill scale to sponge iron powder is a new way to take advantage of a cheap byproduct of the steelmaking industry, yielding sponge iron that can be reused to the electric furnace as metallic charge for steelmaking to obtain a product with a lower residual content and improved properties8,10. Pdf production, release and olfactory detection of sex. Iron ore is being fed to the ground hopper, from where it conveyed to the screen with the help of vibro feeder, where oversize i. Consumption for iron and steel products in turkey is estimated to increase to 30. Designing iron sponge process for h2s removal student. Today with a production of nearly 19 million tones, it is the largest. Capacity and production of sponge iron in india has grown at a frenetic pace in the last half decade. As the hot blast did come into widespread use in the 1830s, neilson and his partners began to accumulate fortunes from the fee i. The company employs over 180 people and produces approximately 90 million castings a year for the mining sector and other industrial markets. During 201718, total production of sponge iron is reported at around 30.
Technical report archive and image library and was provided by unt libraries government documents department to unt digital library, a digital repository hosted by the unt libraries. India is the worlds largest producer of sponge iron, most of which is produced primarily through the coal based method of production. Department of chemical engineering, national institute of technology, rourkela769008, orissa, india a r t i c l e i n f o article history. The commonly accepted definition of avogadros number is the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of the isotope 12c, and the quantity itself is 6. Energy audit methodology of sponge iron manufacturing. Over the years, the coal based route has emerged as a key contributor and accounted for 79% of total sponge iron production. Cast iron production when breaking out the casting the sand mould is destroyed, but of course new moulds can be made from the pattern using the same sand after it has been recycled. Over the years, the coal based route has emerged as a key contributor and accounted for 79% of total sponge iron production in the country.
Iron ore, as mined, is a combination of iron with oxygen and various other unwanted substances, generally known as gangue. The industrial development program of any country, by and large, is based on its natural resources. Ironmaking and steelmakingtheory and practice and sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide both published by phi learning, delhi as well as two other books entitled beyond the blast furnace and metallics for steelmaking production and use, besides a number of monographs on. Coal acts as the reductant to romove oxygen from iron ore. Altekar abstract on the background of the imbalance in the occurrences of vast deposits of high grade iron. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethene, for. The possible effect of the naturally adsorbed iron on the exchange properties of the hectorite was checked by determining cec values before and after iron re moval by citratedithionite treatment.
Free lime will induce an iron deficiency due to formation of insoluble iron carbonate. Solid solutions of carbon in iron are the foundational technology of our civilization ferrite can absorb. Ironmaking and steelmakingtheory and practice and sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide both published by phi learning, delhi as well as two other books entitled beyond the blast furnace and metallics for steelmakingproduction and use, besides a number of monographs on. Modeling of rotary kiln for sponge iron processing using. Automation and control in iron and steel industries. Synopsis a poignant tale of a loving mother, a reluctant father, and the extraordinary journey that brings a young orphan home. Depleting resources of coking coal, the world over, is posing a. Recovery and utilization of waste heat in a coal based. Introduction to iron metallurgy home metal shop club. Direct reduced iron dri production plant nippon steel engineering co. Of patents, principles, and the construction of heroic. This manual is provided for informat ional use only and is subject to change without notice. India is the worlds largest producer of direct reduced iron dri or sponge iron. Sponge iron is also known as direct reduced iron dri.
Projection for metallic requirement in year 201011 we require melting scrap 14 million and dri 18 million but availability of scrap is not likely to reach 11 million. Iron and steel productionstatecollapsed to show the template collapsed, i. This stage yields an alloy pig ironthat contains relatively large amounts of carbon. Iron ore processing for the blast furnace courtesy of the national steel pellet company the following describes operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing facility located on the mesabi iron range of minnesota. Sponge iron production in rotary kiln gases cooled to around deg c at the whrb discharge travel to pollution control equipment such as bag filters scrubber or electro static precipitator. A study is made of the reduction of mill scale to sponge iron using coke at 1100. Pdf nitrous oxide in the earths atmosphere contributes to catalytic stratospheric ozone destruction and is also a greenhouse gas component. Production of direct reduced iron in rotary hearth furnace slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. So there is a huge requirement of sponge iron production. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a process which is mostly carried out in a blast furnace, using coke as both a fuel and reducing agent. Neusoft ur842a neusoft ur852a neusoft ur862a neusoft ur873a product code em1003839410 em1003841210 em10038410 em1003841510 base resin tpu tpu tpu tpu. Pdf production of sponge iron through tunnel kiln process.
With an installed capacity of 2x350tpd and can able to produce sponge iron of 0. For this purpose a case study of typical sponge iron production process is considered. Study on accretion formation on dri kiln during spong iron. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide. Micropropagation has been developed as an alternative to seed propagation. Designing iron sponge process for h2s removal posted in student. This is the final part of the process and the one most people associate with foundries. Moreover, production of synthetic nodular cast irons with sic additive is economically advantageous. Midrex is an innovative ironmaking process, developed for the production of directreduced iron dri from iron ores and primarily natural gas. Materials science emphasis on relationships between synthesis and processing, structure and properties materials engineering emphasis on transforming materials into useful devices or structures.
The direct production of steel from iron ore in the electric furnace has never passed beyond the laboratory stage. Direct reduced iron and production of dri part 2 youtube. Optimization of operating parameters for sponge iron production. Recovery and utilization of waste heat in a coal based sponge iron process vivek kumar, shabina khanam. Sarangi, b download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines to iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Article pdf available in fish physiology and biochemistry 262. In this study, only domestic ai products have been assigned energy values.
This is a list of countries by iron ore production based on u. Iron deficiency most soils contain ample iron but a deficiency in available iron can be induced by many factors. The central statistics office cso, ministry of statistics and programme. Job cost record a document that shows the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs for an individual job. The requirement of sponge iron as metallic will be 30 million tons. Today india stands as the largest producer of coal based sponge iron through. In the first stage, iron ore is reduced with coke in a blast furnace, and the molten metal is separated from gross impurities such as silicate minerals. Iron ore crushing is not required since sized material has to be purchased. The cases of pdf format files production of dazhong daily and beijing company for the early historical newspapers, as there are no corresponding electronic files, so you need to make double layer or refactor the pdf. Production, release and olfactory detection of sex steroids by the tench tinca tinca l. Nowadays, the industrial production of iron or steel consists of two main stages.
This production of steel has come thro both conventional blast furnace route, electric arcinduction furnace route and thro new iron making technology corex. Determining avogadros number the basic counting unit in chemistry, the mole, has a special name, avogadros number, in honor of the italian scientist amadeo avogadro 17761856. See other formats the chemistry of iron pure iron fe has the following properties. The amount of sponge iron in the charge mix varies from 0. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide ebook.
Making process iron ore to sponge iron slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In indian recycling firmament, the association could boast of a variegated history of growth within a short span of less than a decade. Triploid production is hampered by the need for seed production every season. The presentation describes different processes for the production of direct reduced iron. Pdf obtainment of sponge iron by reduction of a steelmaking by. A thesis submitted for partial fulfillment of the degree.
The main raw materials used for the production of sponge iron is iron ore which is purchased and transported from nmdc through railway wagons. Sponge iron during the early 90s, the sponge iron industry had been specially promoted so as to provide an alternative to steel melting scrap, which was increasingly becoming scarce. On the other hand, the production of alternative iron ai units, such as sponge or pig iron, are energyintensive. The ratio of current years production to the reference years production is called as. Hi all, i am a final year student in australia and am trying to complete my design project.
Maire odonnell is a loving woman as rare as a double rainbow. Study on accretion formation on dri kiln during spong iron production chandrashekhar shrivas, himanshu shrivas abstracttoday is an era of competition, and contrary to this the iron and steel industries are also suffering from the same. Description of sponge iron manufacturing process most of the plants in india use dri processa solid state direct reduction process by which iron ore is reduced to sponge without phase change figure 1. Sponge iron manufacture is highly sensitive to raw material characteristics. Sponge iron process, rotary kiln, ann topologies, optimum input parameters. The process of sponge iron making aims to remove the oxygen from iron ore. Currently, the construction industry consumes more than half of steel produced in turkey.
Technical aspects of manufacture of sponge iron we have produced 55 million tons plus of steel in our country in the year 2008. Iron ore after due reduction inside the kiln is discharged to a rotary cooler of 3. Due to its large file size, this book may take longer to. I am tasked with designing the equipment for the iron sponge oxide process for the removal of hydrogen sulphide from natural gas.
Pdf rolling mill scale is a solid byproduct of the steelmaking industry that. The process of reduction causes micro pores in the ore body turning it porous. It is generally not practicable to include all the economic activities that contribute to industrial production, because data for some activities may not be. Hot briquetted iron is a form of dri which is briquetted at elevated temperature to form dense briquettes which can be. Rise of the coalbased sponge iron sector in india and some issues in conservation of resources. Basic concept or summary s16 u a direct reduced iron dri production plant is a shaft reduction furnace to produce dri with large metal iron content by directly reducing iron ore or iron ore pellets with reducing gases. The quality of sponge iron is primarily ascertained by the percentage of metallization removal of oxygen, which is the ratio of metallic iron to the total iron present in the product. I have come to understand that this is a fixed bed adsorber column design but i cannot. Production notes evil is always waiting in the shadows and only one man would rise to stand against it. Direct reduction, is an alternative route of iron making has.
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